Hydrogen Sulfide - The Facts
The link below is to a research paper providing scientific evidence refuting the city of Marco Island's claim that Hydrogen Sulfide - the gas permeating all STRP construction zones - is "nothing to worry about".
Please read it carefully as it affects your health.
CLICK HERE FORE Hydrogen Sulfide - The Facts" PAPER.
Please read it carefully as it affects your health.
CLICK HERE FORE Hydrogen Sulfide - The Facts" PAPER.
posted by Mario R. Sanchez, Ph.D. at
10:55 PM
|
Number of Comments: 4
CLICK HERE TO VIEW&POST COMMENTS
4 Comments:
Excellent article Mario. I hope it gets the distribution it deserves.
By
Anonymous, at Sunday, August 05, 2007 12:10:00 PM
a follow-up. the city has already sent an email relegating the effects of h2s to industrial sites.
we trust that this was an oversight in reading - health effects of h2s are measured in volume and irrespective of where the h2s originates.
namely, it does not matter where a human being inhales 10PPM or 200PPM of H2S - the effects are exactly the same.
By
Daring to Speak, at Sunday, August 05, 2007 8:40:00 PM
the following excellent work-place documentation and analysis was provided to the city on aug 5, 2007 by Mr. Butch Neylon
==========================
Dear Lisa;
Together with Mr. Putnam and Dr. Sanchez who know a fair amount about H2S, I would like to wade in on this North Barfield accident issue and ask you to provide me with copies of all confined space training certificates, entry logs, calibration certificates for air monitor devices used in this manhole, description of ventilation equipment used, listed PPE used by the two workers, (at a minimum three were required), accident reports filed by the city and or the contractor, OSHA representative contacted, and any other information or records that exist as a result of this accident.
The sheer nature of and published accounts of this accident clearly show that proper procedures were not followed regarding entry to and subsequent removal of these men from this manhole, and your statements that the workers were trained bring into question not only the contractor, but the city’s procedures and training of their employees regarding confined space entry. If they were trained, it didn’t stick!
There are specific safety standards that apply even to construction on Marco Island. There are federal standards that are widely ignored by contractors and city employees on Marco Island when it comes to construction and it is high time this practice stopped. You may wonder why so many are upset, well let me try to put this in context for you.
For several decades now the federal government through the Occupational Safety and Health Act has been making construction sites all over our country safer for the workers on those projects. They have been wildly successful with the incidents of injury and death dropping markedly over the years. Not only is construction safer for the workers, but it is also safer for the people in and around construction sites by virtue of safer work practices.
These benefits, however, do not just appear on a modern jobsite, they are the result of scrupulous adherence to the laws and recommendations laid out in the OSHA code. That is virtually nonexistent on Marco, and the results are clear. So when is the City going to take a proactive role in assuring adherence to construction safety regulations. Regardless of what you think, the City has responsibility in this. We not only suffer directly as a result of arrant disregard for proper safety procedures, but we also have liability for not forcing the contractors who work for us to comply. We have the language in our contracts but as we have seen with other aspects of Marco contracts we don’t enforce it. Why?
Just in case you don’t know what I am asking for in the first paragraph, I have included a section of the confined space entry requirements from the OSHA code for your review. A quick read of this section will show you what was required by law to enter the manhole on North Barfield. What training the workers were supposed to have. And what records were supposed to be kept after inspecting and testing the air in the manhole. By the way, had this been done, the accident would not have happened.
Those are the records that I am requesting to see and the City should also be reviewing at this point, not to assess blame, but to pass the message to all contractors that safety is the primary requirement to do work on Marco Island. One man is dead, two nearly were, we have all been and continue to be exposed to dangers associated with this ongoing construction and all of this could have been prevented with proper adherence to safety training. This is a long time overdue, and we must enforce safety for all our sakes.
Regards,
Butch Neylon
• Part Number:
1910
• Part Title:
Occupational Safety and Health Standards
• Subpart:
J
• Subpart Title:
General Environmental Controls
• Standard Number:
1910.146 App C
• Title:
Examples of Permit-required Confined Space Programs
Example 1.
Workplace. Sewer entry.
Potential hazards. The employees could be exposed to the following:
Engulfment.
Presence of toxic gases. Equal to or more than 10 ppm hydrogen sulfide measured as an 8-hour time-weighted average. If the presence of other toxic contaminants is suspected, specific monitoring programs will be developed.
Presence of explosive/flammable gases. Equal to or greater than 10% of the lower flammable limit (LFL).
Oxygen Deficiency. A concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere equal to or less than 19.5% by volume.
A. ENTRY WITHOUT PERMIT/ATTENDANT
Certification. Confined spaces may be entered without the need for a written permit or attendant provided that the space can be maintained in a safe condition for entry by mechanical ventilation alone, as provided in 1910.146(c)(5). All spaces shall be considered permit-required confined spaces until the pre-entry procedures demonstrate otherwise. Any employee required or permitted to pre-check or enter an enclosed/confined space shall have successfully completed, as a minimum, the training as required by the following sections of these procedures. A written copy of operating and rescue procedures as required by these procedures shall be at the work site for the duration of the job. The Confined Space Pre-Entry Check List must be completed by the LEAD WORKER before entry into a confined space. This list verifies completion of items listed below. This check list shall be kept at the job site for duration of the job. If circumstances dictate an interruption in the work, the permit space must be re-evaluated and a new check list must be completed.
Control of atmospheric and engulfment hazards.
Pumps and Lines. All pumps and lines which may reasonably cause contaminants to flow into the space shall be disconnected, blinded and locked out, or effectively isolated by other means to prevent development of dangerous air contamination or engulfment. Not all laterals to sewers or storm drains require blocking. However, where experience or knowledge of industrial use indicates there is a reasonable potential for contamination of air or engulfment into an occupied sewer, then all affected laterals shall be blocked. If blocking and/or isolation requires entry into the space the provisions for entry into a permit-required confined space must be implemented.
Surveillance. The surrounding area shall be surveyed to avoid hazards such as drifting vapors from the tanks, piping, or sewers.
Testing. The atmosphere within the space will be tested to determine whether dangerous air contamination and/or oxygen deficiency exists. Detector tubes, alarm only gas monitors and explosion meters are examples of monitoring equipment that may be used to test permit space atmospheres. Testing shall be performed by the LEAD WORKER who has successfully completed the Gas Detector training for the monitor he will use. The minimum parameters to be monitored are oxygen deficiency, LFL, and hydrogen sulfide concentration. A written record of the pre-entry test results shall be made and kept at the work site for the duration of the job. The supervisor will certify in writing, based upon the results of the pre-entry testing, that all hazards have been eliminated. Affected employees shall be able to review the testing results. The most hazardous conditions shall govern when work is being performed in two adjoining, connecting spaces.
Entry Procedures. If there are no non-atmospheric hazards present and if the pre-entry tests show there is no dangerous air contamination and/or oxygen deficiency within the space and there is no reason to believe that any is likely to develop, entry into and work within may proceed. Continuous testing of the atmosphere in the immediate vicinity of the workers within the space shall be accomplished. The workers will immediately leave the permit space when any of the gas monitor alarm set points are reached as defined. Workers will not return to the area until a SUPERVISOR who has completed the gas detector training has used a direct reading gas detector to evaluate the situation and has determined that it is safe to enter.
Rescue. Arrangements for rescue services are not required where there is no attendant. See the rescue portion of section B., below, for instructions regarding rescue planning where an entry permit is required.
B. ENTRY PERMIT REQUIRED
Permits. Confined Space Entry Permit. All spaces shall be considered permit-required confined spaces until the pre-entry procedures demonstrate otherwise. Any employee required or permitted to pre-check or enter a permit-required confined space shall have successfully completed, as a minimum, the training as required by the following sections of these procedures. A written copy of operating and rescue procedures as required by these procedures shall be at the work site for the duration of the job. The Confined Space Entry Permit must be completed before approval can be given to enter a permit-required confined space. This permit verifies completion of items listed below. This permit shall be kept at the job site for the duration of the job. If circumstances cause an interruption in the work or a change in the alarm conditions for which entry was approved, a new Confined Space Entry Permit must be completed.
Control of atmospheric and engulfment hazards.
Surveillance. The surrounding area shall be surveyed to avoid hazards such as drifting vapors from tanks, piping or sewers.
Testing. The confined space atmosphere shall be tested to determine whether dangerous air contamination and/or oxygen deficiency exists. A direct reading gas monitor shall be used. Testing shall be performed by the SUPERVISOR who has successfully completed the gas detector training for the monitor he will use. The minimum parameters to be monitored are oxygen deficiency, LFL and hydrogen sulfide concentration. A written record of the pre-entry test results shall be made and kept at the work site for the duration of the job. Affected employees shall be able to review the testing results. The most hazardous conditions shall govern when work is being performed in two adjoining, connected spaces.
Space Ventilation. Mechanical ventilation systems, where applicable, shall be set at 100% outside air. Where possible, open additional manholes to increase air circulation. Use portable blowers to augment natural circulation if needed. After a suitable ventilating period, repeat the testing. Entry may not begin until testing has demonstrated that the hazardous atmosphere has been eliminated.
Entry Procedures. The following procedure shall be observed under any of the following conditions: 1.) Testing demonstrates the existence of dangerous or deficient conditions and additional ventilation cannot reduce concentrations to safe levels; 2.) The atmosphere tests as safe but unsafe conditions can reasonably be expected to develop; 3.) It is not feasible to provide for ready exit from spaces equipped with automatic fire suppression systems and it is not practical or safe to deactivate such systems; or 4.) An emergency exists and it is not feasible to wait for pre-entry procedures to take effect.
All personnel must be trained. A self contained breathing apparatus shall be worn by any person entering the space. At least one worker shall stand by the outside of the space ready to give assistance in case of emergency. The standby worker shall have a self contained breathing apparatus available for immediate use. There shall be at least one additional worker within sight or call of the standby worker. Continuous powered communications shall be maintained between the worker within the confined space and standby personnel.
If at any time there is any questionable action or non-movement by the worker inside, a verbal check will be made. If there is no response, the worker will be moved immediately. Exception: If the worker is disabled due to falling or impact, he/she shall not be removed from the confined space unless there is immediate danger to his/her life. Local fire department rescue personnel shall be notified immediately. The standby worker may only enter the confined space in case of an emergency (wearing the self contained breathing apparatus) and only after being relieved by another worker. Safety belt or harness with attached lifeline shall be used by all workers entering the space with the free end of the line secured outside the entry opening. The standby worker shall attempt to remove a disabled worker via his lifeline before entering the space.
When practical, these spaces shall be entered through side openings -- those within 3 1/2 feet (1.07 m) of the bottom. When entry must be through a top opening, the safety belt shall be of the harness type that suspends a person upright and a hoisting device or similar apparatus shall be available for lifting workers out of the space.
In any situation where their use may endanger the worker, use of a hoisting device or safety belt and attached lifeline may be discontinued.
When dangerous air contamination is attributable to flammable and/or explosive substances, lighting and electrical equipment shall be Class 1, Division 1 rated per National Electrical Code and no ignition sources shall be introduced into the area.
Continuous gas monitoring shall be performed during all confined space operations. If alarm conditions change adversely, entry personnel shall exit the confined space and a new confined space permit issued.
Rescue. Call the fire department services for rescue. Where immediate hazards to injured personnel are present, workers at the site shall implement emergency procedures to fit the situation.
Example 2.
Workplace. Meat and poultry rendering plants.
Cookers and dryers are either batch or continuous in their operation. Multiple batch cookers are operated in parallel. When one unit of a multiple set is shut down for repairs, means are available to isolate that unit from the others which remain in operation.
Cookers and dryers are horizontal, cylindrical vessels equipped with a center, rotating shaft and agitator paddles or discs. If the inner shell is jacketed, it is usually heated with steam at pressures up to 150 psig (1034.25 kPa). The rotating shaft assembly of the continuous cooker or dryer is also steam heated.
Potential Hazards. The recognized hazards associated with cookers and dryers are the risk that employees could be:
1. Struck or caught by rotating agitator;
2. Engulfed in raw material or hot, recycled fat;
3. Burned by steam from leaks into the cooker/dryer steam jacket or the condenser duct system if steam valves are not properly closed and locked out;
4. Burned by contact with hot metal surfaces, such as the agitator shaft assembly, or inner shell of the cooker/dryer;
5. Heat stress caused by warm atmosphere inside cooker/dryer;
6. Slipping and falling on grease in the cooker/dryer;
7. Electrically shocked by faulty equipment taken into the cooker/dryer;
8. Burned or overcome by fire or products of combustion; or
9. Overcome by fumes generated by welding or cutting done on grease covered surfaces.
Permits. The supervisor in this case is always present at the cooker/dryer or other permit entry confined space when entry is made. The supervisor must follow the pre-entry isolation procedures described in the entry permit in preparing for entry, and ensure that the protective clothing, ventilating equipment and any other equipment required by the permit are at the entry site.
Control of hazards. Mechanical. Lock out main power switch to agitator motor at main power panel. Affix tag to the lock to inform others that a permit entry confined space entry is in progress.
Engulfment. Close all valves in the raw material blow line. Secure each valve in its closed position using chain and lock. Attach a tag to the valve and chain warning that a permit entry confined space entry is in progress. The same procedure shall be used for securing the fat recycle valve.
Burns and heat stress. Close steam supply valves to jacket and secure with chains and tags. Insert solid blank at flange in cooker vent line to condenser manifold duct system. Vent cooker/dryer by opening access door at discharge end and top center door to allow natural ventilation throughout the entry. If faster cooling is needed, use an portable ventilation fan to increase ventilation. Cooling water may be circulated through the jacket to reduce both outer and inner surface temperatures of cooker/dryers faster. Check air and inner surface temperatures in cooker/dryer to assure they are within acceptable limits before entering, or use proper protective clothing.
Fire and fume hazards. Careful site preparation, such as cleaning the area within 4 inches (10.16 cm) of all welding or torch cutting operations, and proper ventilation are the preferred controls. All welding and cutting operations shall be done in accordance with the requirements of 29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart Q, OSHA's welding standard. Proper ventilation may be achieved by local exhaust ventilation, or the use of portable ventilation fans, or a combination of the two practices.
Electrical shock. Electrical equipment used in cooker/dryers shall be in serviceable condition.
Slips and falls. Remove residual grease before entering cooker/dryer.
Attendant. The supervisor shall be the attendant for employees entering cooker/dryers.
Permit. The permit shall specify how isolation shall be done and any other preparations needed before making entry. This is especially important in parallel arrangements of cooker/dryers so that the entire operation need not be shut down to allow safe entry into one unit.
Rescue. When necessary, the attendant shall call the fire department as previously arranged.
Example 3.
Workplace. Workplaces where tank cars, trucks, and trailers, dry bulk tanks and trailers, railroad tank cars, and similar portable tanks are fabricated or serviced.
A. During fabrication. These tanks and dry-bulk carriers are entered repeatedly throughout the fabrication process. These products are not configured identically, but the manufacturing processes by which they are made are very similar.
Sources of hazards. In addition to the mechanical hazards arising from the risks that an entrant would be injured due to contact with components of the tank or the tools being used, there is also the risk that a worker could be injured by breathing fumes from welding materials or mists or vapors from materials used to coat the tank interior. In addition, many of these vapors and mists are flammable, so the failure to properly ventilate a tank could lead to a fire or explosion.
Control of hazards.
Welding. Local exhaust ventilation shall be used to remove welding fumes once the tank or carrier is completed to the point that workers may enter and exit only through a manhole. (Follow the requirements of 29 CFR 1910, Subpart Q, OSHA's welding standard, at all times.) Welding gas tanks may never be brought into a tank or carrier that is a permit entry confined space.
Application of interior coatings/linings. Atmospheric hazards shall be controlled by forced air ventilation sufficient to keep the atmospheric concentration of flammable materials below 10% of the lower flammable limit (LFL) (or lower explosive limit (LEL), whichever term is used locally). The appropriate respirators are provided and shall be used in addition to providing forced ventilation if the forced ventilation does not maintain acceptable respiratory conditions.
Permits. Because of the repetitive nature of the entries in these operations, an "Area Entry Permit" will be issued for a 1 month period to cover those production areas where tanks are fabricated to the point that entry and exit are made using manholes.
Authorization. Only the area supervisor may authorize an employee to enter a tank within the permit area. The area supervisor must determine that conditions in the tank trailer, dry bulk trailer or truck, etc. meet permit requirements before authorizing entry.
Attendant. The area supervisor shall designate an employee to maintain communication by employer specified means with employees working in tanks to ensure their safety. The attendant may not enter any permit entry confined space to rescue an entrant or for any other reason, unless authorized by the rescue procedure and, even then, only after calling the rescue team and being relieved by an attendant or another worker.
Communications and observation. Communications between attendant and entrant(s) shall be maintained throughout entry. Methods of communication that may be specified by the permit include voice, voice powered radio, tapping or rapping codes on tank walls, signalling tugs on a rope, and the attendant's observation that work activities such as chipping, grinding, welding, spraying, etc., which require deliberate operator control continue normally. These activities often generate so much noise that the necessary hearing protection makes communication by voice difficult.
Rescue procedures. Acceptable rescue procedures include entry by a team of employee-rescuers, use of public emergency services, and procedures for breaching the tank. The area permit specifies which procedures are available, but the area supervisor makes the final decision based on circumstances. (Certain injuries may make it necessary to breach the tank to remove a person rather than risk additional injury by removal through an existing manhole. However, the supervisor must ensure that no breaching procedure used for rescue would violate terms of the entry permit. For instance, if the tank must be breached by cutting with a torch, the tank surfaces to be cut must be free of volatile or combustible coatings within 4 inches (10.16 cm) of the cutting line and the atmosphere within the tank must be below the LFL.
Retrieval line and harnesses. The retrieval lines and harnesses generally required under this standard are usually impractical for use in tanks because the internal configuration of the tanks and their interior baffles and other structures would prevent rescuers from hauling out injured entrants. However, unless the rescue procedure calls for breaching the tank for rescue, the rescue team shall be trained in the use of retrieval lines and harnesses for removing injured employees through manholes.
B. Repair or service of "used" tanks and bulk trailers.
Sources of hazards. In addition to facing the potential hazards encountered in fabrication or manufacturing, tanks or trailers which have been in service may contain residues of dangerous materials, whether left over from the transportation of hazardous cargoes or generated by chemical or bacterial action on residues of non-hazardous cargoes.
Control of atmospheric hazards. A "used" tank shall be brought into areas where tank entry is authorized only after the tank has been emptied, cleansed (without employee entry) of any residues, and purged of any potential atmospheric hazards.
Welding. In addition to tank cleaning for control of atmospheric hazards, coating and surface materials shall be removed 4 inches (10.16 cm) or more from any surface area where welding or other torch work will be done and care taken that the atmosphere within the tank remains well below the LFL. (Follow the requirements of 29 CFR 1910, Subpart Q, OSHA's welding standard, at all times.)
Permits. An entry permit valid for up to 1 year shall be issued prior to authorization of entry into used tank trailers, dry bulk trailers or trucks. In addition to the pre-entry cleaning requirement, this permit shall require the employee safeguards specified for new tank fabrication or construction permit areas.
Authorization. Only the area supervisor may authorize an employee to enter a tank trailer, dry bulk trailer or truck within the permit area. The area supervisor must determine that the entry permit requirements have been met before authorizing entry.
[58 FR 4549, Jan. 14, 1993; 58 FR 34846, June 29, 1993]
By
Daring to Speak, at Sunday, August 05, 2007 8:42:00 PM
workers' requirements NOT followed hence their injury:
Part Title:
Occupational Safety and Health Standards
• Subpart:
J
• Subpart Title:
General Environmental Controls
• Standard Number:
1910.146 App D
• Title:
Confined Space Pre-Entry Check List
Appendix D to §1910.146 -- Sample Permits
Appendix D-1
Confined Space Entry Permit
Date and Time Issued: _______________ Date and Time Expires: ________
Job site/Space I.D.: ________________ Job Supervisor:________________
Equipment to be worked on: __________ Work to be performed: _________
Stand-by personnel: __________________ ________________ _____________
1. Atmospheric Checks: Time ________
Oxygen ________%
Explosive ________% L.F.L.
Toxic ________PPM
2. Tester's signature: _____________________________
3. Source isolation (No Entry): N/A Yes No
Pumps or lines blinded, ( ) ( ) ( )
disconnected, or blocked ( ) ( ) ( )
4. Ventilation Modification: N/A Yes No
Mechanical ( ) ( ) ( )
Natural Ventilation only ( ) ( ) ( )
5. Atmospheric check after
isolation and Ventilation:
Oxygen __________% > 19.5 %
Explosive _______% L.F.L < 10 %
Toxic ___________PPM < 10 PPM H(2)S
Time ____________
Testers signature: _____________________________
6. Communication procedures: ________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
7. Rescue procedures: _______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
8. Entry, standby, and back up persons: Yes No
Successfully completed required
training?
Is it current? ( ) ( )
9. Equipment: N/A Yes No
Direct reading gas monitor -
tested ( ) ( ) ( )
Safety harnesses and lifelines
for entry and standby persons ( ) ( ) ( )
Hoisting equipment ( ) ( ) ( )
Powered communications ( ) ( ) ( )
SCBA's for entry and standby
persons ( ) ( ) ( )
Protective Clothing ( ) ( ) ( )
All electric equipment listed
Class I, Division I, Group D
and Non-sparking tools ( ) ( ) ( )
10. Periodic atmospheric tests:
Oxygen ____% Time ____ Oxygen ____% Time ____
Oxygen ____% Time ____ Oxygen ____% Time ____
Explosive ____% Time ____ Explosive ____% Time ____
Explosive ____% Time ____ Explosive ____% Time ____
Toxic ____% Time ____ Toxic ____% Time ____
Toxic ____% Time ____ Toxic ____% Time ____
We have reviewed the work authorized by this permit and the
information contained here-in. Written instructions and safety
procedures have been received and are understood. Entry cannot be
approved if any squares are marked in the "No" column. This permit is
not valid unless all appropriate items are completed.
Permit Prepared By: (Supervisor)________________________________________
Approved By: (Unit Supervisor)__________________________________________
Reviewed By (Cs Operations Personnel) :
_________________________________ ____________________________________
(printed name) (signature)
This permit to be kept at job site. Return job site copy to Safety
Office following job completion.
Copies: White Original (Safety Office)
Yellow (Unit Supervisor)
Hard(Job site)
Appendix D - 2
ENTRY PERMIT
PERMIT VALID FOR 8 HOURS ONLY. ALL COPIES OF PERMIT WILL REMAIN AT
JOB SITE UNTIL JOB IS COMPLETED
DATE: - - SITE LOCATION and DESCRIPTION ______________________________
PURPOSE OF ENTRY ______________________________________________________
SUPERVISOR(S) in charge of crews Type of Crew Phone #
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES ______________________________________________
RESCUE PROCEDURES (PHONE NUMBERS AT BOTTOM) ___________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
* BOLD DENOTES MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS TO BE COMPLETED AND REVIEWED
PRIOR TO ENTRY*
REQUIREMENTS COMPLETED DATE TIME
Lock Out/De-energize/Try-out ____ ____
Line(s) Broken-Capped-Blanked ____ ____
Purge-Flush and Vent ____ ____
Ventilation ____ ____
Secure Area (Post and Flag) ____ ____
Breathing Apparatus ____ ____
Resuscitator - Inhalator ____ ____
Standby Safety Personnel ____ ____
Full Body Harness w/"D" ring ____ ____
Emergency Escape Retrieval Equip ____ ____
Lifelines ____ ____
Fire Extinguishers ____ ____
Lighting (Explosive Proof) ____ ____
Protective Clothing ____ ____
Respirator(s) (Air Purifying) ____ ____
Burning and Welding Permit ____ ____
Note: Items that do not apply enter N/A in the blank.
**RECORD CONTINUOUS MONITORING RESULTS EVERY 2 HOURS
CONTINUOUS MONITORING** Permissible _________________________________
TEST(S) TO BE TAKEN Entry Level
PERCENT OF OXYGEN 19.5% to 23.5% ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT Under 10% ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
CARBON MONOXIDE +35 PPM ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
Aromatic Hydrocarbon + 1 PPM * 5PPM ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
Hydrogen Cyanide (Skin) * 4PPM ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
Hydrogen Sulfide +10 PPM *15PPM ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
Sulfur Dioxide + 2 PPM * 5PPM ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
Ammonia *35PPM ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
* Short-term exposure limit: Employee can work in the area up to 15
minutes.
+ 8 hr. Time Weighted Avg.: Employee can work in area 8 hrs (longer
with appropriate respiratory protection).
REMARKS:_____________________________________________________________
GAS TESTER NAME INSTRUMENT(S) MODEL SERIAL &/OR
& CHECK # USED &/OR TYPE UNIT #
________________ _______________ ___________ ____________
________________ _______________ ___________ ____________
SAFETY STANDBY PERSON IS REQUIRED FOR ALL CONFINED SPACE WORK
SAFETY STANDBY CHECK # CONFINED CONFINED
PERSON(S) SPACE CHECK # SPACE CHECK #
ENTRANT(S) ENTRANT(S)
______________ _______ __________ _______ __________ _______
______________ _______ __________ _______ __________ _______
SUPERVISOR AUTHORIZING - ALL CONDITIONS SATISFIED____________________
DEPARTMENT/PHONE ___________________________
AMBULANCE 2800 FIRE 2900 Safety 4901 Gas Coordinator 4529/5387
[58 FR 4549, Jan. 14, 1993; 58 FR 34846, June 29, 1993]
By
Daring to Speak, at Tuesday, August 07, 2007 9:01:00 AM
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